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Changing urban environments and effects on infectious diseases
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From surveillance and detection of SARS-CoV-2 to vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19
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Eurosurveillance
Since 1995, Eurosurveillance has provided the European public health community with an open-access platform to exchange relevant findings on communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control. A weekly, electronic, peer-reviewed publication, Eurosurveillance aims to provide timely facts and guidance for public health professionals and decision-makers in the field of infectious disease to facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. Impact factor: 19. More...
Latest Issue: Volume 29, Issue 22, 30 May 2024 Latest Issue RSS feed
- Rapid communication
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Adapting response to a measles outbreak in a context of high vaccination and breakthrough cases: an example from Vaud, Switzerland, January to March 2024
A measles outbreak with 51 cases occurred in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, between January and March 2024. The outbreak was triggered by an imported case, and 37 (72.5%) subsequent cases were previously vaccinated individuals. Epidemiological investigations showed that vaccinated measles cases were symptomatic and infectious. In a highly vaccinated population, it is important to raise awareness among healthcare professionals to suspect and test for measles virus when an outbreak is declared, irrespective of the vaccination status of the patients.
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- Outbreaks
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Large hospital outbreak caused by OXA-244-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 38, Poland, 2023
In February 2023, Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 38 producing oxacillinase 244 (OXA-244-Ec ST38) was detected from three patients in a hospital in western Poland. Overall, OXA-244-Ec ST38 was detected from 38 colonised patients in 13 wards between February and June 2023. The outbreak was investigated on site by an infection control team, and the bacterial isolates were characterised microbiologically and by whole genome sequencing. We could not identify the primary source of the outbreak or reconstruct the transmission sequence. In some of the 13 affected wards or their groups linked by the patients’ movement, local outbreaks occurred. The tested outbreak isolates were resistant to β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam and ertapenem) and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Consistently, apart from blaOXA-244, all isolates contained also the blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M-14 genes, coding for an AmpC-like cephalosporinase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase, respectively, and genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sul2 and dfrA1. Genomes of the isolates formed a tight cluster, not of the major recent European Cluster A but of the older Cluster B, with related isolates identified in Germany. This outbreak clearly demonstrates that OXA-244-Ec ST38 has a potential to cause hospital outbreaks which are difficult to detect, investigate and control.
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- Research
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Impact and economic analysis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-targeted antenatal screening, England and Wales, 2021
More LessBackgroundHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected virus that can cause severe disease and be transmitted from mother to child through breastfeeding. Avoidance of breastfeeding prevents 80% of vertical transmission. The United Kingdom (UK) is currently assessing whether HTLV-1-targeted antenatal screening should be implemented.
AimWe aimed to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of a targeted programme to prevent HTLV-1 vertical transmission in England and Wales.
MethodsWe estimated the number of pregnant women who have high risk of HTLV-1 infection based on their or their partner’s country of birth. With data from 2021, we used a mathematical model to assess cost-effectiveness of HTLV-1 antenatal screening. We also estimated the annual number of infant infections and the number that could be prevented with screening and intervention.
ResultsWe estimate that ca 99,000 pregnant women in England and Wales have high risk of HTLV-1 infection. In the absence of screening, 74 (range: 25–211) HTLV-1 infections in infants would be expected to occur every year in England and Wales. Implementation of targeted screening would prevent 58 (range: 19–164) infant infections annually. The intervention is effective (incremental 0.00333 quality-adjusted life years (QALY)) and cost-saving (GBP −57.56 (EUR −66.85)).
ConclusionOur findings support implementation of HTLV-1 targeted antenatal screening to reduce vertical transmission from mothers to infants in the UK.
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Recent articles
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Factors potentially contributing to the decline of the mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022 and 2023
Manon R Haverkate , Inge JM Willemstein , Catharina E van Ewijk , Philippe CG Adam , Susan J Lanooij , Petra Jonker-Jorna , Colette van Bokhoven , Gini GC van Rijckevorsel , Elske Hoornenborg , Silke David , Liesbeth Mollema , Margreet J te Wierik , Jente Lange , Eelco Franz , Hester E de Melker , Eline LM Op de Coul and Susan JM Hahné
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