Australian Journal of Botany

Australian Journal of Botany is an international journal for publication of original research in plant science. The journal publishes in the areas of ecology and ecophysiology; invasive biology; conservation biology and biodiversity; forest biology and management; cell and molecular biology; palaeobotany and biogeography; reproductive biology and genetics; mycology and pathology; structure and development; and aquatic botany. Read more about the journalMore

Editors-in-Chief: John Morgan and Mark Ooi

Publishing Model: Hybrid. Open Access options available.

Are you eligible for APC-free Open Access?

Download our Journal Flyer (PDF, 0.8MB)

Latest

These articles are the latest published in the journal. Australian Journal of Botany has moved to a continuous publication model. More information is available on our Continuous Publication page.

Published online 27 May 2024

BT23106The susceptibility of rare and threatened NSW species to the root-rot pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi: 2. The identification of species requiring protection or further research

Keith L. McDougall

and Edward C. Y. Liew

Photograph of the rare species Dracophyllum macranthum.

The root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is a major threat to Australia’s native plants. Little is known about its effect on plants in New South Wales. We found that some rare and threatened species can be severely affected by this pathogen but the threat is unknown for many rare species in areas such as the Blue Mountains where the habitat is highly suited to P. cinnamomi. Image by Keith McDougall.

BT23106 Abstract | BT23106 Full Text | BT23106PDF (848 KB) | BT23106Supplementary Material (697 KB) Open Access Article

Published online 27 May 2024

BT23103Deciphering of the morpho-physiological traits of two native grasses from Argentina with contrasting drought resistance strategies

Ana M. Cenzano

, Idris Arslan, Ana Furlan, M. Celeste Varela and Mariana Reginato

Photographs of Pappostipa speciosa and Poa ligularis in spring.

The major adaptive strategy against the dry period is the high activity of secondary metabolism; mainly in leaves for the drought-tolerant grass Pappostipa speciosa, and in roots for the drought-escaping grass Poa ligularis. Photographs by Ana M. Cenzano.

Published online 23 May 2024

BT23086Evaluating the risk to Australia’s flora from Phytophthora cinnamomi

Keith L. McDougall

, Sarah Barrett, Renate Velzeboer, David M. Cahill and Tim Rudman

Photographs of critically endangered Hibbertia circinata growing (left) and killed by Phytophthora cinnamomi (right).

The magnitude of the extinction risk to Australia’s flora from Phytophthora cinnamomi is poorly known. Using available data, we found that the genera Andersonia, Banksia, Darwinia, Daviesia, Epacris, Gastrolobium, Grevillea, Hibbertia, Isopogon, Lambertia, Latrobea, Leucopogon, Phebalium and Styphelia have multiple species at a very high risk of extinction because of this pathogen. As many as 269 plant species may be at a very high risk of extinction on the basis of phylogenetic patterns. Photographs by Keith McDougall.

BT23086 Abstract | BT23086 Full Text | BT23086PDF (2.1 MB) | BT23086Supplementary Material (718 KB) Open Access Article

Published online 16 May 2024

BT23094Response of spiny cocklebur (Xanthium spinosum) and common cocklebur (X. strumarium) seed germination to environmental and soil factors

Amir Ahmadi, Faezeh Zaefarian

, Mohammad Rezvani

, Irandokht Mansouri and Brian M. Sindel

Graph showing effect of drought stress (osmotic potential) on the germination of spiny cocklebur and common cocklebur.

Information on factors affecting spiny cocklebur (Xanthium spinosum) and common cocklebur (X. strumarium) seed germination could help us determine their potential distribution in different regions and their effective control strategies. Maximum germination of both spiny cocklebur and common cocklebur was at neutral pH. Spiny cocklebur germination was less sensitive to high and low pH, salinity, flooding and surface burial than was common cocklebur germination, indicating that it may be better adapted to the broader range of conditions. Image by Faezeh Zaefarian.

Published online 09 May 2024

BT23081Mitigation of disease and browsing impacts, and translocation, supports post-fire threatened flora recovery

Sarah Barrett, Colin J. Yates, Rebecca Dillon

, Megan Dilly, Ben Varcoe, Darcy Martin, Bayley Castlehow and Carl R. Gosper

Photographs of vegetation without (more plant mortality) and with (less mortality) recurrent phosphite spraying.

Mitigation of the impacts of Phytophthora dieback and browsing by mammalian herbivores improved post-fire survival and/or growth of threatened flora in the Stirling Range (Koi Kyeunu-ruff), Western Australia. Translocated populations had greater growth and earlier flowering than wild populations. Mitigating non-fire regime threats supported post-fire recovery of threatened flora. Photographs by S. Barrett (Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions).

BT23081 Abstract | BT23081 Full Text | BT23081PDF (2.6 MB) Open Access Article

Published online 09 May 2024

BT23069Seventy-five years of vegetation change after fire in Tasmanian alpine heathland

Ellen-Rose Sorensen and Jamie B. Kirkpatrick

Alpine heath vegetation on kunanyi, Tasmania.

We compared vegetation in alpine heath plots that regenerated after fires of 1947 and 1962. Herbs and graminoids plummeted in cover and species richness between 1998 and 2022, whereas shrubs continued to increase in cover in the 1962-burnt, but decreased in the 1947-burnt area. Shrubs exhibited compositional change up to 75 years after fire. A failure of the shrub layer to be more similar between the fire years might be due to stronger winds and higher temperatures. A predicted climate change-induced increase in diversity did not occur. Image by Jamie Kirkpatrick.

BT23069 Abstract | BT23069 Full Text | BT23069PDF (1.7 MB) | BT23069Supplementary Material (1.2 MB) Open Access Article

Published online 09 May 2024

BT23085Severely degraded high mountain vegetation recovers under different levels of wild herbivore grazing pressure, 1991–2021

Jamie B. Kirkpatrick

and Kerry L. Bridle

Two photographs of a herbivore exclosure, showing vegetation recovery between 1996 and 2021.

Long-term monitoring on Tasmania’s Eastern Central Plateau provides an opportunity to document the process of recovery from fire and stock grazing and the impacts of wild herbivores. After 30 years, vegetated ground cover has increased both inside and outside grazing exclosures. Although results between the four sites were variable, natural regeneration will occur without management intervention and in the absence of a catastrophic disturbance such as wildfire. Photographs by Kerry Bridle.

BT23085 Abstract | BT23085 Full Text | BT23085PDF (2 MB) Open Access Article

Published online 02 May 2024

BT23053_COCorrigendum to: Unusual, human-mediated prevalence of epiphytes in semi-arid New South Wales, Australia

J. L. Silcock, J. Pye, A. Tighe, P. Reid-Loynes, R. Ashby and R. J. Fairfax

BT23053_CO Full Text | BT23053_COPDF (111 KB)

Published online 25 March 2024

BT23007Pollination strategies are exceptionally complex in southwestern Australia – a globally significant ancient biodiversity hotspot

Mark C. Brundrett

, Philip G. Ladd

and Greg J. Keighery

Flowers of nine species pollinated by the wind, specific insects or birds, as well as a spider ambushing a fly.

Pollination syndromes were allocated for all plants in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, an ancient landscape and global biodiversity hotspot. Allocations based on floral traits were highly consistent and well supported by visitor records and scientific studies. Their complexity was highest in large plant families, involving many pollination transitions, especially from general insects to bees, birds or the wind. Photograph by Mark Brundrett.

BT23007 Abstract | BT23007 Full Text | BT23007PDF (16.1 MB) | BT23007Supplementary Material (1.5 MB) Open Access Article

Published online 21 March 2024

BT23104The leaf micromorphology and anatomy of gamba grass, Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae: Panicoideae)

Jeremy Farr

, S. Krisantini and Melodina Fabillo

Photograph showing tussocks of gamba grass.

Andropogon gayanus Kunth. was introduced to northern Australia from Africa as a forage crop but has become an invasive species that increases the risk of catastrophic wildfires. This study used freehand sectioning, microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to compare leaf morphology of specimens from Australia and Africa to identify potential variations and describe characteristics that make it such successful as a weed. Leaf hairiness was found to be highly variable and may enhance its adaptability to Australian environments. Photograph by Keith R. McDonald.

BT23104 Abstract | BT23104 Full Text | BT23104PDF (4.2 MB) | BT23104Supplementary Material (739 KB) Open Access Article

Published online 21 March 2024

BT23083Awn length variation in Australia’s most widespread grass, Themeda triandra, across its distribution

Annette M. Cavanagh

, Robert C. Godfree and John W. Morgan

Map of Australia with coloured points indicating the length of awns of Kangaroo Grass specimens from each location

Herbarium specimens of Themeda trianda were used to quantify awn-length variation of the species across its distribution. Awn lengths were shortest around the eastern and southern coasts of Australia and increased inland and towards the north, with awn length found to be positively correlated with mean annual temperature. Figure by A. M. Cavanagh.

BT23083 Abstract | BT23083 Full Text | BT23083PDF (815 KB) Open Access Article

Published online 14 March 2024

BT23044Traits vary differently across a lowland forest–sand dune gradient in two common trees of the Amazon restinga coast

Luane G. B. Rebelo

, Mateus C. Silva

, Handria J. A. da Silva

, Ely Simone C. Gurgel

, Beatriz V. Barbosa

and Grazielle S. Teodoro

Diagram of trait variaton in two species across a forest–dune gradient on the Brazilian Amazon coast.

Considering the role of plant species in the functioning of ecosystems, it is important to understand the ecological strategies that allow their survival in contrasting environments. We evaluated the functional responses of two species in a restinga environment and highlighted that species occuring in environmental gradients need to develop a set of diverse strategies to deal with differences in resource availability. Last, our comprehension of the survival mechanisms of plants helps us create accurate model predictions for entire ecosystems. Image by Beatriz Barbosa.

Published online 06 March 2024

BT22062Extra-stigmatic pollen germination and pistil elongation: a novel strategy towards reproductive assurance in Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia

Sajid Khan

and Susheel Verma

Female and male flowers of Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia and structures and surfaces that affect pollination.

Reproduction in dioecious plant species may be limited by severe pollen limitation owing to their separate sexes. Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia is a dioecious and wind-pollinated species that has a long flowering period and this study determined the relationship between its reproductive behaviour and pollen availability during different flowering phases. The mechanism of extra-stigmatic pollen germination has been observed in this species, in which flexibility of female function adds to the evolutionary possibilities to overcome pollination constraints. Photographs by Sajid Khan.

Published online 05 March 2024

BT23073Myrtaceae anther glands: morphology, anatomy and variation in glandular contents

P. G. Ladd

Jewel beetle chewing and pollinating the Myrtaceae flowers.

Unlike most other groups, Myrtaceae flowers have oil glands in floral tissues. The apex of anthers of most species has an oil gland that can be obvious and globular or embedded within the apical tissues. Depending on the species, the oil may deter herbivores from eating the anthers, may mix with pollen to aid adhesion to pollinators or may be chemically modified to be a food source for pollinators. Photograph by P. Ladd.

BT23073 Abstract | BT23073 Full Text | BT23073PDF (3.7 MB) | BT23073Supplementary Material (3.9 MB) Open Access Article

Published online 26 February 2024

BT23076Impact of Phytophthora dieback on a key heathland species Xanthorrhoea australis (Asphodelaceae) (austral grasstree) and floristic composition in the eastern Otways, Victoria

B. A. Wilson

, S. P. Casey, M. J. Garkaklis, C. Learmonth and T. Wevill

Heathy woodland in the Otway Ranges, showing austral grasstrees affected by Phytophtora cinnamomi.

The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi causes severe declines in Australian native vegetation. The iconic Australian grasstrees, which provide prime habitat for many vertebrates and invertebrates, are highly susceptible to the pathogen. This study found significant declines in susceptible species following infestation, particularly the austral grasstree, which had 50% less cover. These results have severe implications for heathy woodland communities and reliant fauna. Limiting the spread of P. cinnamomi and protecting grasstrees is critical for their security. Photograph by B. Wilson.

BT23076 Abstract | BT23076 Full Text | BT23076PDF (1.1 MB) | BT23076Supplementary Material (942 KB) Open Access Article